In CSS, there are two types of font family names:
- generic family - a group of font families with a similar look (like "Serif" or "Monospace")
- font family - a specific font family (like "Times New Roman" or "Arial")
| Generic family | Font family | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Serif | Times New Roman Georgia | Serif fonts have small lines at the ends on some characters |
| Sans-serif | Arial Verdana | "Sans" means without - these fonts do not have the lines at the ends of characters |
| Monospace | Courier New Lucida Console | All monospace characters have the same width |
Font Family
The font family of a text is set with the font-family property.The font-family property should hold several font names as a "fallback" system. If the browser does not support the first font, it tries the next font.
Start with the font you want, and end with a generic family, to let the browser pick a similar font in the generic family, if no other fonts are available.
Note: If the name of a font family is more than one word, it must be in quotation marks, like font-family: "Times New Roman".
More than one font family is specified in a comma-separated list:
Example
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Font Style
The font-style property is mostly used to specify italic text.This property has three values:
- normal - The text is shown normally
- italic - The text is shown in italics
- oblique - The text is "leaning" (oblique is very similar to italic, but less supported)
Example
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Font Size
The font-size property sets the size of the text.Being able to manage the text size is important in web design. However, you should not use font size adjustments to make paragraphs look like headings, or headings look like paragraphs.
Always use the proper HTML tags, like <h1> - <h6> for headings and <p> for paragraphs.
The font-size value can be an absolute, or relative size.
Absolute size:
- Sets the text to a specified size
- Does not allow a user to change the text size in all browsers (bad for accessibility reasons)
- Absolute size is useful when the physical size of the output is known
- Sets the size relative to surrounding elements
- Allows a user to change the text size in browsers
If you do not specify a font size, the default size for normal text, like paragraphs, is 16px (16px=1em).Set Font Size With Pixels
Setting the text size with pixels, gives you full control over the text size: Example
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The text can be resized in all browsers using the zoom tool (however, this resizes the entire page, not just the text).
Set Font Size With Em
To avoid the resizing problem with Internet Explorer, many developers use em instead of pixels.The em size unit is recommended by the ES.
1em is equal to the current font size. The default text size in browsers is 16px. So, the default size of 1em is 16px.
The size can be calculated from pixels to em using this formula: pixels/16=em
Example
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Unfortunately, there is still a problem with IE. When resizing the text, it becomes larger than it should when made larger, and smaller than it should when made smaller.
Use a Combination of Percent and Em
The solution that works in all browsers, is to set a default font-size in percent for the body element: Example
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All CSS Font Properties
The number in the "CSS" column indicates in which CSS version the property is defined (CSS1 or CSS2).| Property | Description | Values | CSS |
|---|---|---|---|
| font | Sets all the font properties in one declaration | font-style font-variant font-weight font-size/line-height font-family caption icon menu message-box small-caption status-bar inherit | 1 |
| font-family | Specifies the font family for text | family-name generic-family inherit | 1 |
| font-size | Specifies the font size of text | xx-small x-small small medium large x-large xx-large smaller larger length % inherit | 1 |
| font-style | Specifies the font style for text | normal italic oblique inherit | 1 |
| font-variant | Specifies whether or not a text should be displayed in a small-caps font | normal small-caps inherit | 1 |
| font-weight | Specifies the weight of a font | normal bold bolder lighter 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 inherit |